LANGUAGE
From written signs to everyday conversation.
Mandarin Chinese / Taiwan
Bopomofo / Zhuyin
注音符號A set of phonetic symbols used to show Mandarin pronunciation. Syllables are assembled from an initial, a medial or final, and a tone.
The first version was created in 1913 and released in 1918. It remains a practical reading, dictionary, and keyboard tool in Taiwan.
- SYMBOLS
- 37
- TONES
- 5
- ALSO CALLED
- Zhuyin / Zhuyin Fuhao
Initials
21Medials
3Finals
13Tones
5PUBLISHED · FOUNDATION 01 · 15 SEPTEMBER 2026
Ukrainian: start here
Cyrillic; і ї є ґ require Ukrainian readings, not Russian substitutions.
Track direction: Case endings, aspect and present-tense predicates.
Published below: one grammar rule, worked example, exercise with an answer, introductory words and expressions. Planned next: sound contrasts, wider grammar and guided reading/listening. This is the start of the course.
UKRAINIAN / FOUNDATION 01
Українська
Case endings, aspect and present-tense predicates.
The words for everyday life.
Find a situation, read the phrase, or show the native text. Learn common replies as well as questions.
Pronunciation & how to use these phrases
Cyrillic; і ї є ґ require Ukrainian readings, not Russian substitutions. Device speech, when available, is only a model for that installed voice; historical and unsupported varieties have no automatic voice here.
Published: a first rule with a worked example and answer, introductory vocabulary, and basic expressions. Next: sound contrasts → inflection and sentence patterns → connected reading/listening → independent use. Use Ukrainian as its own language, with its own stress and vocabulary. A similar-looking Russian word is not automatically an interchangeable form.
6 phrases
Basics & communication
Further reading & cultural sources
Case endings, aspect and present-tense predicates.
In an ordinary present-tense identity statement, Ukrainian can omit an overt copula. Demonstrative це can introduce an identification. Past and future clauses require their own patterns.
Це вода.This is water.
Explain why the answer follows the rule. Then return to the example and identify the unchanged part. This first unit is published; the full grammar sequence remains in development.
Try it yourself
1 / 1 · 0 correctApply the rule.
This is water: Це ___.
All words · vocabulary quiz
1 / 6 · 0 correctChoose the English meaning.
вода
водаwater (nominative)
водаwater (nominative)
хлібbread
хлібbread
такyes
такyes
ніno
ніno
тутhere
тутhere
цеthis
цеthis
Between the words
Use Ukrainian as its own language, with its own stress and vocabulary. A similar-looking Russian word is not automatically an interchangeable form.
Добрий день!
Good dayUse Ukrainian as its own language, with its own stress and vocabulary. A similar-looking Russian word is not automatically an interchangeable form.
Добрий день!
A short foundation is not a complete conversation course. Follow the named language variety and source recordings.
Read the situation
1 / 1 · 0 correctRecall the first expression or reading form.
Practice scores last for this visit.Ukrainian audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.