LANGUAGE
From written signs to everyday conversation.
Mandarin Chinese / Taiwan
Bopomofo / Zhuyin
注音符號A set of phonetic symbols used to show Mandarin pronunciation. Syllables are assembled from an initial, a medial or final, and a tone.
The first version was created in 1913 and released in 1918. It remains a practical reading, dictionary, and keyboard tool in Taiwan.
- SYMBOLS
- 37
- TONES
- 5
- ALSO CALLED
- Zhuyin / Zhuyin Fuhao
Initials
21Medials
3Finals
13Tones
5SPANISH / FOUNDATIONS
Español
Start with the words you need.
Build your own sentences.
The words for everyday life.
Find a situation, read the phrase, or show the native text. Learn common replies as well as questions.
Pronunciation & how to use these phrases
Start with the writing charts, then listen to complete words. Device speech depends on installed voices and may use a different regional accent. Spelling and sound do not match one-to-one.
Use usted-style verbs with unfamiliar adults until the local level of formality is clear. Disculpe gets attention politely; perdón also apologizes. Learning path: recognise words and phrases → build simple sentences → practise questions and replies → expand tense and connected speech → read and discuss longer texts. These foundation lessons are available now; later stages will grow with the collection.
24 phrases
Basics
Communication
Bathrooms
Food & ordering
Shops & payment
Taxi & transport
Airport
Help
Listen for
Reply
Hotels
SPANISH / GRAMMAR REFERENCE
8 chaptersForms, rules & structure
Standard Spanish, with tú/usted and the Spain vosotros forms shown. Voseo has additional regional paradigms.
Grammar terminology
- Noun
- A word used to name or classify an entity: person, place, object, substance, idea.
- Adjective
- A word that describes a property; its form and position depend on the language.
- Pronoun
- A form used to refer to a participant or entity without repeating a full noun phrase.
- Determiner
- A word such as an article, demonstrative or possessive that helps specify a noun phrase.
- Verb
- A word heading a predicate, often describing an action, event or state.
- Conjugation
- A pattern of verb forms expressing grammatical distinctions such as person, tense or mood.
- Declension
- A pattern of noun, pronoun or adjective forms, often marking case, number and gender.
- Case
- A distinction marking a noun phrase’s grammatical role or its relationship to a governing word.
- Gender
- A grammatical classification of nouns; it need not match sex or have a transparent meaning.
- Agreement
- A form changes to match features of another expression, such as person, number, gender or case.
- Tense
- A grammatical way of locating a situation relative to a time of reference.
- Aspect
- How a situation is viewed: for example ongoing, habitual, completed or prior to a reference point.
- Mood
- A grammatical distinction associated with assertion, possibility, commands, wishes or other clause functions.
- Finite form
- A verb form that can serve as a clause’s main inflected verb, contrasting with infinitives and participles. The precise criteria vary by language.
- Participle
- A verb-derived form used in constructions such as modifiers, compound tenses or passives; its roles vary by language.
- Infinitive
- A nonfinite verb form in languages that have one; it is not automatically equivalent to English “to + verb”.
- Subject / object
- Grammatical relations in a clause, not universal synonyms for “doer” and “receiver”.
- Clitic
- A short grammatical form that depends phonologically on a neighboring word.
- Transitive
- Describes a verb construction that takes a direct object.
- Register
- A variety of expression associated with context, relationship or level of formality.
Nouns, gender & articles
- Nouns are masculine or feminine. Many -o nouns are masculine and -a nouns feminine, but gender must be learned with the word.
- Plural commonly adds -s after an unstressed vowel and -es after a consonant; final z becomes c before -es. Articles agree in gender and number.
| Type | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| masculine | el libro / un libro | los libros / unos libros |
| feminine | la casa / una casa | las casas / unas casas |
| consonant | el papel | los papeles |
| z spelling | la luz | las luces |
| exception | la mano | las manos |
Worked examples
El agua fría está aquí.
The cold water is here.
How it works: Agua remains feminine; singular el occurs before its stressed initial a. Fría shows feminine agreement.
Location
Use estar for location; ¿dónde está…? asks where a singular thing is.
¿Dónde está el baño?Where is the bathroom?
Read the model, complete the gap, then change one word and explain what changes.
Try it yourself
1 / 1 · 0 correctComplete the model using the rule.
¿Dónde ___ el baño?
All words · vocabulary quiz
1 / 20 · 0 correctChoose the English meaning.
agua
aguawater
aguawater
comidafood
comidafood
lechemilk
lechemilk
panbread
panbread
cafécoffee
cafécoffee
tétea
tétea
arrozrice
arrozrice
bañobathroom
bañobathroom
aeropuertoairport
aeropuertoairport
estaciónstation
estaciónstation
billete / boletoticket
billete / boletoticket
salidaexit
salidaexit
izquierdaleft
izquierdaleft
derecharight
derecharight
hoytoday
hoytoday
mañanatomorrow
mañanatomorrow
unoone
unoone
dostwo
dostwo
tresthree
tresthree
ayudahelp
ayudahelp
Between the words
Billete and boleto both refer to tickets, with regional differences; ordenador/computadora and zumo/jugo vary too. This starter uses broadly understood wording.
Hola.
Regional vocabularyBillete and boleto both refer to tickets, with regional differences; ordenador/computadora and zumo/jugo vary too. This starter uses broadly understood wording.
Hola.
Use usted-style verbs with unfamiliar adults until the local level of formality is clear. Disculpe gets attention politely; perdón also apologizes.
Read the situation
1 / 1 · 0 correctRecall the opening greeting from this collection.
Practice scores last for this visit.Spanish audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.