LANGUAGE
From written signs to everyday conversation.
Mandarin Chinese / Taiwan
Bopomofo / Zhuyin
注音符號A set of phonetic symbols used to show Mandarin pronunciation. Syllables are assembled from an initial, a medial or final, and a tone.
The first version was created in 1913 and released in 1918. It remains a practical reading, dictionary, and keyboard tool in Taiwan.
- SYMBOLS
- 37
- TONES
- 5
- ALSO CALLED
- Zhuyin / Zhuyin Fuhao
Initials
21Medials
3Finals
13Tones
5PUBLISHED · FOUNDATION 01 · 15 SEPTEMBER 2026
Sanskrit: start here
Devanagari and scholarly IAST; Sanskrit also has traditions in other Indic scripts.
Track direction: Classical Sanskrit foundations; Vedic material is a separate reading path.
Published below: one grammar rule, worked example, exercise with an answer, introductory words and reading forms. Planned next: sound contrasts, wider grammar and guided reading/listening. This is the start of the course.
SANSKRIT / FOUNDATION 01
संस्कृतम्
Classical Sanskrit foundations; Vedic material is a separate reading path.
The words for everyday life.
Find a situation, read the phrase, or show the native text. Learn common replies as well as questions.
Pronunciation & how to use these phrases
Devanagari and scholarly IAST; Sanskrit also has traditions in other Indic scripts. Device speech, when available, is only a model for that installed voice; historical and unsupported varieties have no automatic voice here.
Published: a first rule with a worked example and answer, introductory vocabulary, and reading forms. Next: sound contrasts → inflection and sentence patterns → connected reading/listening → independent use. Choose a reading tradition deliberately. Vedic accents, grammar and vocabulary cannot simply be inferred from a modern conversational Sanskrit course. These are reading foundations, not tourist-service claims.
4 phrases
Reading foundations
Further reading & cultural sources
Classical Sanskrit foundations; Vedic material is a separate reading path.
A regular masculine a-stem distinguishes nominative singular -aḥ (often the subject) from accusative singular -am (often the object). Endings also interact with sandhi in connected text.
rāmaḥ / rāmam · रामः / रामम्Rāma as subject / Rāma as object
Explain why the answer follows the rule. Then return to the example and identify the unchanged part. This first unit is published; the full grammar sequence remains in development.
Try it yourself
1 / 1 · 0 correctApply the rule.
Accusative singular of rāma: ___.
All words · vocabulary quiz
1 / 6 · 0 correctChoose the English meaning.
जलम्
जलम्water · jalam
जलम्water · jalam
फलम्fruit · phalam
फलम्fruit · phalam
नामname · nāma
नामname · nāma
अहम्I · aham
अहम्I · aham
त्वम्you singular · tvam
त्वम्you singular · tvam
गच्छतिgoes · gacchati
गच्छतिgoes · gacchati
Between the words
Choose a reading tradition deliberately. Vedic accents, grammar and vocabulary cannot simply be inferred from a modern conversational Sanskrit course. These are reading foundations, not tourist-service claims.
नमस्ते
Salutation · namasteChoose a reading tradition deliberately. Vedic accents, grammar and vocabulary cannot simply be inferred from a modern conversational Sanskrit course. These are reading foundations, not tourist-service claims.
नमस्ते
A short foundation is not a complete conversation course. Follow the named language variety and source recordings.
Read the situation
1 / 1 · 0 correctRecall the first expression or reading form.
Practice scores last for this visit.Sanskrit audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.