LANGUAGE
From written signs to everyday conversation.
Mandarin Chinese / Taiwan
Bopomofo / Zhuyin
注音符號A set of phonetic symbols used to show Mandarin pronunciation. Syllables are assembled from an initial, a medial or final, and a tone.
The first version was created in 1913 and released in 1918. It remains a practical reading, dictionary, and keyboard tool in Taiwan.
- SYMBOLS
- 37
- TONES
- 5
- ALSO CALLED
- Zhuyin / Zhuyin Fuhao
Initials
21Medials
3Finals
13Tones
5PUBLISHED · FOUNDATION 01 · 15 SEPTEMBER 2026
Navajo: start here
Latin-based practical spelling with tone, nasalization, length and glottal-stop marks.
Track direction: Sound contrasts first, then verb structure with a speaker-led course.
Published below: one grammar rule, worked example, exercise with an answer, introductory words and expressions. Planned next: sound contrasts, wider grammar and guided reading/listening. This is the start of the course.
NAVAJO / FOUNDATION 01
Diné Bizaad
Sound contrasts first, then verb structure with a speaker-led course.
The words for everyday life.
Find a situation, read the phrase, or show the native text. Learn common replies as well as questions.
Pronunciation & how to use these phrases
Latin-based practical spelling with tone, nasalization, length and glottal-stop marks. Device speech, when available, is only a model for that installed voice; historical and unsupported varieties have no automatic voice here.
Published: a first rule with a worked example and answer, introductory vocabulary, and basic expressions. Next: sound contrasts → inflection and sentence patterns → connected reading/listening → independent use. Diné Bizaad is not reducible to English words with unusual spelling. Begin with community and university recordings. This unit introduces orthography; complex service dialogues await a fuller, source-checked verb sequence.
3 phrases
Basics & communication
Further reading & cultural sources
Sound contrasts first, then verb structure with a speaker-led course.
An acute accent marks high tone; an ogonek marks a nasal vowel. These are different features and can occur together. Doubling a vowel marks length. Do not remove marks as decorative accents.
á / ą / ą́ / aahigh / nasal / high and nasal / long vowel spellings
Explain why the answer follows the rule. Then return to the example and identify the unchanged part. This first unit is published; the full grammar sequence remains in development.
Try it yourself
1 / 1 · 0 correctApply the rule.
Which feature does the ogonek in ą mark? ___
All words · vocabulary quiz
1 / 6 · 0 correctChoose the English meaning.
tó
tówater
tówater
dinépeople
dinépeople
shíI / me
shíI / me
níyou
níyou
dibésheep
dibésheep
łééchąąʼídog
łééchąąʼídog
Between the words
Diné Bizaad is not reducible to English words with unusual spelling. Begin with community and university recordings. This unit introduces orthography; complex service dialogues await a fuller, source-checked verb sequence.
Yáʼátʼééh.
HelloDiné Bizaad is not reducible to English words with unusual spelling. Begin with community and university recordings. This unit introduces orthography; complex service dialogues await a fuller, source-checked verb sequence.
Yáʼátʼééh.
A short foundation is not a complete conversation course. Follow the named language variety and source recordings.
Read the situation
1 / 1 · 0 correctRecall the first expression or reading form.
Practice scores last for this visit.Navajo audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.