LANGUAGE
From written signs to everyday conversation.
Mandarin Chinese / Taiwan
Bopomofo / Zhuyin
注音符號A set of phonetic symbols used to show Mandarin pronunciation. Syllables are assembled from an initial, a medial or final, and a tone.
The first version was created in 1913 and released in 1918. It remains a practical reading, dictionary, and keyboard tool in Taiwan.
- SYMBOLS
- 37
- TONES
- 5
- ALSO CALLED
- Zhuyin / Zhuyin Fuhao
Initials
21Medials
3Finals
13Tones
5KOREAN / EVERYDAY SURVIVAL
한국어
Food, transport, shops, and getting help.
Build the sentences you need.
The words for everyday life.
Find a situation, read the phrase, or show the native text. Learn common replies as well as questions.
Pronunciation & how to use these phrases
Romanization uses eo for ㅓ (one vowel), eu for ㅡ, and double consonants for tense sounds. These spellings are not English words. Final consonants and neighbouring sounds often change pronunciation in connected speech. Use the Hangul writing deck and a Korean device voice where available.
Keep polite -요 or -습니다 forms. The goodbye in Basics is for leaving while the other person stays. Numbers have two systems: the vocabulary list gives Sino-Korean numbers; Grammar shows native counters for ordering.
84 phrases
Basics
Communication
Bathrooms
Food & ordering
Shops & convenience stores
Money & payment
Taxis & transit
Airport
Accommodation
Directions & time
Help & problems
Phone & internet
Replies & signs
KOREAN / GRAMMAR REFERENCE
8 chaptersForms, rules & structure
Standard South Korean Korean, distinguishing plain, polite and formal endings.
Grammar terminology
- Noun
- A word used to name or classify an entity: person, place, object, substance, idea.
- Adjective
- A word that describes a property; its form and position depend on the language.
- Pronoun
- A form used to refer to a participant or entity without repeating a full noun phrase.
- Determiner
- A word such as an article, demonstrative or possessive that helps specify a noun phrase.
- Verb
- A word heading a predicate, often describing an action, event or state.
- Conjugation
- A pattern of verb forms expressing grammatical distinctions such as person, tense or mood.
- Declension
- A pattern of noun, pronoun or adjective forms, often marking case, number and gender.
- Case
- A distinction marking a noun phrase’s grammatical role or its relationship to a governing word.
- Gender
- A grammatical classification of nouns; it need not match sex or have a transparent meaning.
- Agreement
- A form changes to match features of another expression, such as person, number, gender or case.
- Tense
- A grammatical way of locating a situation relative to a time of reference.
- Aspect
- How a situation is viewed: for example ongoing, habitual, completed or prior to a reference point.
- Mood
- A grammatical distinction associated with assertion, possibility, commands, wishes or other clause functions.
- Finite form
- A verb form that can serve as a clause’s main inflected verb, contrasting with infinitives and participles. The precise criteria vary by language.
- Participle
- A verb-derived form used in constructions such as modifiers, compound tenses or passives; its roles vary by language.
- Infinitive
- A nonfinite verb form in languages that have one; it is not automatically equivalent to English “to + verb”.
- Subject / object
- Grammatical relations in a clause, not universal synonyms for “doer” and “receiver”.
- Clitic
- A short grammatical form that depends phonologically on a neighboring word.
- Transitive
- Describes a verb construction that takes a direct object.
- Register
- A variety of expression associated with context, relationship or level of formality.
Nouns, particles & copular predicates
- Korean nouns have no grammatical gender and generally no obligatory number inflection. 들 can mark plural or distributive readings but is not needed with every plural reference.
- Case/topic particles follow a noun phrase. Several particles alternate according to whether the preceding noun ends in a consonant or vowel.
| Function | After consonant | After vowel |
|---|---|---|
| subject | 이 | 가 |
| object | 을 | 를 |
| topic | 은 | 는 |
| comitative | 과 | 와 |
| polite copula | 이에요 | 예요 |
Worked examples
저는 학생이에요.
I am a student.
How it works: 저 ends in a vowel and takes 는; 학생 ends in a consonant and takes 이에요.
The verb goes at the end
Korean commonly places the verb at the end. Subjects and objects can be left out when clear. Keep polite -요 endings for everyday interactions with strangers.
저는 미국 사람이에요.I am American. · Jeoneun miguk saramieyo.
커피 마셔요.I drink coffee. · Keopi masyeoyo.
Romanization is a reading aid; Hangul and the existing writing deck are better long-term guides to pronunciation.
Try it yourself
1 / 1 · 0 correctComplete the sentence using the pattern above.
커피 ___. (drink, polite)
All words · vocabulary quiz
1 / 149 · 0 correctChoose the English meaning.
영
영zero
영zero · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
일one
일one · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
이two
이two · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
삼three
삼three · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
사four
사four · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
오five
오five · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
육six
육six · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
칠seven
칠seven · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
팔eight
팔eight · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
구nine
구nine · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
십ten
십ten · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
이십twenty
이십twenty · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
백one hundred
백one hundred · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
천one thousand
천one thousand · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
물water
물water · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
커피coffee
커피coffee · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
차tea
차tea · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
우유milk
우유milk · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
빵bread
빵bread · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
밥cooked rice
밥cooked rice · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
국수noodles
국수noodles · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
닭고기chicken (meat)
닭고기chicken (meat) · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
돼지고기pork
돼지고기pork · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
소고기beef
소고기beef · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
생선fish
생선fish · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
달걀egg
달걀egg · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
채소vegetables
채소vegetables · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
과일fruit
과일fruit · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
땅콩peanut
땅콩peanut · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
새우shrimp
새우shrimp · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
설탕sugar
설탕sugar · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
소금salt
소금salt · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
얼음ice
얼음ice · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
맥주beer
맥주beer · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
와인wine
와인wine · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
아침 식사breakfast
아침 식사breakfast · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
점심 식사lunch
점심 식사lunch · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
저녁 식사dinner
저녁 식사dinner · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
병bottle
병bottle · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
봉투bag
봉투bag · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
영수증receipt
영수증receipt · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
현금cash
현금cash · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
충전기charger
충전기charger · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
여권passport
여권passport · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
표ticket
표ticket · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
열쇠key
열쇠key · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
수건towel
수건towel · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
휴지toilet paper
휴지toilet paper · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
공항airport
공항airport · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
버스bus
버스bus · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
택시taxi
택시taxi · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
기차train
기차train · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
호텔hotel
호텔hotel · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
병원hospital
병원hospital · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
약국pharmacy
약국pharmacy · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
화장실bathroom / toilet
화장실bathroom / toilet · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
월요일Monday
월요일Monday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
화요일Tuesday
화요일Tuesday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
수요일Wednesday
수요일Wednesday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
목요일Thursday
목요일Thursday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
금요일Friday
금요일Friday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
토요일Saturday
토요일Saturday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
일요일Sunday
일요일Sunday · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
분minute
분minute · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
시간hour
시간hour · dictionary form; see Grammar for sentence forms.
안녕하세요.Hello / good day
안녕하세요.Hello / good day · Annyeonghaseyo.
감사합니다.Thank you
감사합니다.Thank you · Gamsahamnida.
죄송합니다.Excuse me / sorry
죄송합니다.Excuse me / sorry · Joesonghamnida.
안녕히 계세요.Goodbye
안녕히 계세요.Goodbye · Annyeonghi gyeseyo.
영어 하세요?Do you speak English?
영어 하세요?Do you speak English? · Yeongeo haseyo?
이해가 안 돼요.I do not understand.
이해가 안 돼요.I do not understand. · Ihaega an dwaeyo.
천천히 말해 주세요.Please speak more slowly.
천천히 말해 주세요.Please speak more slowly. · Cheoncheonhi malhae juseyo.
다시 말해 주세요.Could you repeat that?
다시 말해 주세요.Could you repeat that? · Dasi malhae juseyo.
써 주세요.Please write it down.
써 주세요.Please write it down. · Sseo juseyo.
잘 안 들려요.I am hard of hearing.
잘 안 들려요.I am hard of hearing. · Jal an deullyeoyo.
화장실 어디예요?Where is the bathroom?
화장실 어디예요?Where is the bathroom? · Hwajangsil eodiyeyo?
화장실 써도 돼요?May I use the bathroom?
화장실 써도 돼요?May I use the bathroom? · Hwajangsil sseodo dwaeyo?
휴지가 없어요.There is no toilet paper.
휴지가 없어요.There is no toilet paper. · Hyujiga eopseoyo.
한 명이에요.A table for one, please.
한 명이에요.A table for one, please. · Han myeongieyo.
메뉴판 주세요.May I see the menu?
메뉴판 주세요.May I see the menu? · Menyupan juseyo.
이거 주세요.This one, please. (point)
이거 주세요.This one, please. (point) · Igeo juseyo.
뭐가 맛있어요?What do you recommend?
뭐가 맛있어요?What do you recommend? · Mwoga masisseoyo?
물 주세요.Water, please.
물 주세요.Water, please. · Mul juseyo.
커피 한 잔 주세요.A coffee, please.
커피 한 잔 주세요.A coffee, please. · Keopi han jan juseyo.
설탕 빼 주세요.Without sugar, please.
설탕 빼 주세요.Without sugar, please. · Seoltang ppae juseyo.
맵지 않게 해 주세요.Not spicy, please.
맵지 않게 해 주세요.Not spicy, please. · Maepji anke hae juseyo.
고기를 안 먹어요.I do not eat meat.
고기를 안 먹어요.I do not eat meat. · Gogireul an meogeoyo.
땅콩 알레르기가 있어요.I have a peanut allergy.
땅콩 알레르기가 있어요.I have a peanut allergy. · Ttangkong allereugiga isseoyo.
이거 우유 들어가요?Does this contain milk?
이거 우유 들어가요?Does this contain milk? · Igeo uyu deureogayo?
포장해 주세요.To take away, please.
포장해 주세요.To take away, please. · Pojanghae juseyo.
먹고 갈게요.To eat here.
먹고 갈게요.To eat here. · Meokgo galgeyo.
계산해 주세요.The bill, please.
계산해 주세요.The bill, please. · Gyesanhae juseyo.
이거 얼마예요?How much is this?
이거 얼마예요?How much is this? · Igeo eolmayeyo?
이거 있어요?Do you have this? (show an item)
이거 있어요?Do you have this? (show an item) · Igeo isseoyo?
봉투 주세요.A bag, please.
봉투 주세요.A bag, please. · Bongtu juseyo.
봉투 필요 없어요.I do not need a bag.
봉투 필요 없어요.I do not need a bag. · Bongtu piryo eopseoyo.
데워 주세요.Could you heat this up?
데워 주세요.Could you heat this up? · Dewo juseyo.
가까운 편의점 어디예요?Where is the nearest convenience store / small grocery?
가까운 편의점 어디예요?Where is the nearest convenience store / small grocery? · Gakkaun pyeonuijeom eodiyeyo?
몇 시에 문 닫아요?What time do you close?
몇 시에 문 닫아요?What time do you close? · Myeot sie mun dadayo?
카드 돼요?Can I pay by card?
카드 돼요?Can I pay by card? · Kadeu dwaeyo?
영수증 주세요.A receipt, please.
영수증 주세요.A receipt, please. · Yeongsujeung juseyo.
현금 인출기 어디예요?Where is an ATM?
현금 인출기 어디예요?Where is an ATM? · Hyeongeum inchulgi eodiyeyo?
가격 보여 주세요.Please show me the price.
가격 보여 주세요.Please show me the price. · Gagyeok boyeo juseyo.
이 주소로 가 주세요.Please take me to this address.
이 주소로 가 주세요.Please take me to this address. · I jusoro ga juseyo.
요금이 얼마예요?How much will it cost?
요금이 얼마예요?How much will it cost? · Yogeumi eolmayeyo?
여기 세워 주세요.Stop here, please.
여기 세워 주세요.Stop here, please. · Yeogi sewo juseyo.
기차역 어디예요?Where is the station?
기차역 어디예요?Where is the station? · Gichayeok eodiyeyo?
… 가는 표 한 장 주세요.One ticket to …, please.
… 가는 표 한 장 주세요.One ticket to …, please. · … ganeun pyo han jang juseyo.
이 버스 공항 가요?Does this bus go to the airport?
이 버스 공항 가요?Does this bus go to the airport? · I beoseu gonghang gayo?
몇 번 승강장이에요?Which platform?
몇 번 승강장이에요?Which platform? · Myeot beon seunggangjangieyo?
체크인 카운터 어디예요?Where is the check-in counter?
체크인 카운터 어디예요?Where is the check-in counter? · Chekeuin kaunteo eodiyeyo?
탑승구 어디예요?Where is the departure gate?
탑승구 어디예요?Where is the departure gate? · Tapseunggu eodiyeyo?
짐이 안 나왔어요.My luggage has not arrived.
짐이 안 나왔어요.My luggage has not arrived. · Jimi an nawasseoyo.
환승해야 해요.I have a connecting flight.
환승해야 해요.I have a connecting flight. · Hwanseunghaeya haeyo.
예약했어요.I have a reservation.
예약했어요.I have a reservation. · Yeyakaesseoyo.
짐 맡길 수 있어요?Could I leave my luggage here?
짐 맡길 수 있어요?Could I leave my luggage here? · Jim matgil su isseoyo?
열쇠가 안 돼요.The key does not work.
열쇠가 안 돼요.The key does not work. · Yeolsoega an dwaeyo.
더 조용한 방 있어요?Is there a quieter room?
더 조용한 방 있어요?Is there a quieter room? · Deo joyonghan bang isseoyo.
체크아웃 몇 시예요?What time is check-out?
체크아웃 몇 시예요?What time is check-out? · Chekeuaut myeot siyeyo?
지도에서 보여 주세요.Please show me on the map.
지도에서 보여 주세요.Please show me on the map. · Jidoeseo boyeo juseyo.
걸어갈 수 있어요?Can I walk there?
걸어갈 수 있어요?Can I walk there? · Georeogal su isseoyo?
얼마나 걸려요?How long does it take?
얼마나 걸려요?How long does it take? · Eolmana geollyeoyo?
도와주세요.Please help me.
도와주세요.Please help me. · Dowajuseyo.
구급차 불러 주세요.Please call an ambulance.
구급차 불러 주세요.Please call an ambulance. · Gugeupcha bulleo juseyo.
경찰 불러 주세요.Please call the police.
경찰 불러 주세요.Please call the police. · Gyeongchal bulleo juseyo.
의사가 필요해요.I need a doctor.
의사가 필요해요.I need a doctor. · Uisaga piryohaeyo.
약국 어디예요?Where is the pharmacy?
약국 어디예요?Where is the pharmacy? · Yakguk eodiyeyo?
여권이 없어졌어요.My passport is missing.
여권이 없어졌어요.My passport is missing. · Yeogwoni eopseojyeosseoyo.
와이파이 비밀번호 뭐예요?What is the Wi-Fi password?
와이파이 비밀번호 뭐예요?What is the Wi-Fi password? · Waipai bimilbeonho mwoyeyo?
여기서 휴대폰 충전해도 돼요?May I charge my phone here?
여기서 휴대폰 충전해도 돼요?May I charge my phone here? · Yeogiseo hyudaepon chungjeonhaedo dwaeyo?
유심 카드가 필요해요.I need a SIM card.
유심 카드가 필요해요.I need a SIM card. · Yusim kadeuga piryohaeyo.
네 / 아니요Yes / no
네 / 아니요Yes / no · Ne / aniyo
현금만 가능해요Cash only
현금만 가능해요Cash only · Hyeongeumman ganeunghaeyo
영업 중 / 영업 종료Open / closed
영업 중 / 영업 종료Open / closed · Yeongeop jung / yeongeop jongnyo
입구 / 출구Entrance / exit
입구 / 출구Entrance / exit · Ipgu / chulgu
왼쪽 / 오른쪽 / 쭉Left / right / straight ahead
왼쪽 / 오른쪽 / 쭉Left / right / straight ahead · Oenjjok / oreunjjok / jjuk
오늘 / 내일 / 지금Today / tomorrow / now
오늘 / 내일 / 지금Today / tomorrow / now · Oneul / naeil / jigeum
잠시만 기다려 주세요.Please wait a moment.
잠시만 기다려 주세요.Please wait a moment. · Jamsiman gidaryeo juseyo.
품절 / 없어요Sold out / unavailable
품절 / 없어요Sold out / unavailable · Pumjeol / eopseoyo
두 명이에요.Two people.
두 명이에요.Two people. · Du myeongieyo.
탄산 없는 물 주세요.Still water, please.
탄산 없는 물 주세요.Still water, please. · Tansan eomneun mul juseyo.
숟가락 주세요.A spoon, please.
숟가락 주세요.A spoon, please. · Sutgarak juseyo.
재료 확인해 주세요.Could you check the ingredients?
재료 확인해 주세요.Could you check the ingredients? · Jaeryo hwaginhae juseyo.
수하물 찾는 곳 어디예요?Where is baggage claim?
수하물 찾는 곳 어디예요?Where is baggage claim? · Suhamul channeun got eodiyeyo?
탑승은 몇 시부터예요?What time does boarding start?
탑승은 몇 시부터예요?What time does boarding start? · Tapseungeun myeot sibuteoyeyo?
왕복표 주세요.A return ticket, please.
왕복표 주세요.A return ticket, please. · Wangbokpyo juseyo.
갈아타야 해요?Do I need to change trains?
갈아타야 해요?Do I need to change trains? · Garataya haeyo?
아니요, 괜찮아요.No, thank you.
아니요, 괜찮아요.No, thank you. · Aniyo, gwaenchanayo.
지연 / 취소Delayed / cancelled
지연 / 취소Delayed / cancelled · Jiyeon / chwiso
Between the words
Everyday interactions, useful replies, and local context. Practices vary by person and place.
안녕하세요
A polite everyday helloA small nod and 안녕하세요 are useful in ordinary introductions. Keep polite endings with unfamiliar adults. When handing over or receiving something respectfully, using both hands is common.
감사합니다.
Use 안녕히 계세요 when you leave and the other person stays. Use 안녕히 가세요 when the other person leaves.
Read the situation
1 / 4 · 0 correctWhich goodbye fits when you leave a shop and the clerk stays?
Practice scores last for this visit.Korean audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.