AUWENFIELD NOTES
JOHNNY AUWENEARTH
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Language practice

Choose a language, then practise its grammar, vocabulary, culture or writing.

WORKSPACE

Pick a task before a language tab. Choose the language you want to use, then work on one small task. Reading a script, learning a grammar rule and responding in conversation need different practice.

How to use this
  1. Need to speak today?

    Choose a language and start with Survival. Practise the reply as well as the phrase you say first.

  2. Need to read?

    Use Writing systems for recognition, Pronunciation for spelling-to-sound rules, and Kanji + Hanzi for character and word study.

  3. Need to build sentences?

    Read a grammar rule, work through its example, then answer without looking. Check Vocabulary and Culture to see how the words are used.

Try this: Choose German. Find a survival exchange and say both parts aloud. Change one noun using the grammar explanation instead of memorizing a second whole sentence.

You should get: You can make one small variation and explain why the form changes. If you cannot, revisit that rule before adding more phrases.

Know the limit: Track depth varies. A chart is a reference, and recognizing an answer is not the same as producing it in a conversation.

Start with pronunciation
Pronunciation: sounds, reading rules, stress, tone & practice →
All 47 pronunciation chapters & the IPA sound key →

Guided German lesson

Connect two short statements without carrying English word order into every German clause.

Give a reason with weil or denn →

Explanation, worked examples and four exercises with answers.

Open the writing chart for this script →
GERMAN / EVERYDAY SURVIVAL · MUNICH

Deutsch

Understand the reply. Order what you need.
Get around Munich and beyond.

GERMAN / GRAMMAR REFERENCE

Forms, rules & structure

Standard German. Spoken regional varieties may use different vocabulary and past-tense preferences.

11 chapters
Grammar terminology
Noun
A word used to name or classify an entity: person, place, object, substance, idea.
Adjective
A word that describes a property; its form and position depend on the language.
Pronoun
A form used to refer to a participant or entity without repeating a full noun phrase.
Determiner
A word such as an article, demonstrative or possessive that helps specify a noun phrase.
Verb
A word heading a predicate, often describing an action, event or state.
Conjugation
A pattern of verb forms expressing grammatical distinctions such as person, tense or mood.
Declension
A pattern of noun, pronoun or adjective forms, often marking case, number and gender.
Case
A distinction marking a noun phrase’s grammatical role or its relationship to a governing word.
Gender
A grammatical classification of nouns; it need not match sex or have a transparent meaning.
Agreement
A form changes to match features of another expression, such as person, number, gender or case.
Tense
A grammatical way of locating a situation relative to a time of reference.
Aspect
How a situation is viewed: for example ongoing, habitual, completed or prior to a reference point.
Mood
A grammatical distinction associated with assertion, possibility, commands, wishes or other clause functions.
Finite form
A verb form that can serve as a clause’s main inflected verb, contrasting with infinitives and participles. The precise criteria vary by language.
Participle
A verb-derived form used in constructions such as modifiers, compound tenses or passives; its roles vary by language.
Infinitive
A nonfinite verb form in languages that have one; it is not automatically equivalent to English “to + verb”.
Subject / object
Grammatical relations in a clause, not universal synonyms for “doer” and “receiver”.
Clitic
A short grammatical form that depends phonologically on a neighboring word.
Transitive
Describes a verb construction that takes a direct object.
Register
A variety of expression associated with context, relationship or level of formality.
RULES & PATTERNS

Nouns, gender & plural

  1. Every noun has masculine, feminine or neuter grammatical gender; learn its definite article and plural with it. Capitalize nouns.
  2. Plural is lexical: -e, -(e)n, -er, -s or no suffix occur, sometimes with umlaut. Gender is not a reliable prediction of a person’s sex or a thing’s properties.
Nouns, gender & plural · reference forms
GenderSingularPlural
masculineder Tischdie Tische
femininedie Fraudie Frauen
neuterdas Kinddie Kinder
umlaut + suffixdas Buchdie Bücher
no suffixder Lehrerdie Lehrer
Worked examples

Das Mädchen liest ein Buch.

The girl is reading a book.

How it works: Mädchen is grammatically neuter because -chen diminutives are neuter.

These chapters give core rules and representative paradigms. A model table applies to the stated class; irregular words and more specialized constructions need their own entries.

Further reference
Revised 2026-09-14
Practice scores last for this visit.German audio is unavailable on this device. All exercises work without audio.