AUWENFIELD NOTES
JOHNNY AUWENEARTH
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Language practice

Choose a language, then practise its grammar, vocabulary, culture or writing.

WORKSPACE

Pick a task before a language tab. Choose the language you want to use, then work on one small task. Reading a script, learning a grammar rule and responding in conversation need different practice.

How to use this
  1. Need to speak today?

    Choose a language and start with Survival. Practise the reply as well as the phrase you say first.

  2. Need to read?

    Use Writing systems for recognition, Pronunciation for spelling-to-sound rules, and Kanji + Hanzi for character and word study.

  3. Need to build sentences?

    Read a grammar rule, work through its example, then answer without looking. Check Vocabulary and Culture to see how the words are used.

Try this: Choose German. Find a survival exchange and say both parts aloud. Change one noun using the grammar explanation instead of memorizing a second whole sentence.

You should get: You can make one small variation and explain why the form changes. If you cannot, revisit that rule before adding more phrases.

Know the limit: Track depth varies. A chart is a reference, and recognizing an answer is not the same as producing it in a conversation.

Start with pronunciation
Urdu / Urdu

Urdu script

اردو

Urdu uses an extended Perso-Arabic script, normally in the flowing Nastaliq style. Read right to left; ordinary text omits many short vowels.

Urdu orthography draws on Persian and Arabic writing, with added letters for South Asian sounds. Alphabet counts vary with how signs and compound forms are treated.

Read
پانی pānī = water. Compare پ with ب: the dots identify different letters.
Clusters
بھ and پھ represent aspirated consonants; do not treat ھ as an independent full syllable.
Practise
Trace the sloping word shape as well as its individual letters. Arabic pronunciation rules do not transfer wholesale.
Unicode script charts

Signs

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